Welcome to etutorguru.in Lifelines of National Economy is Chapter 7 of your book. This chapter talks mainly about the transportation and ommunication sector and how they work, with the names of most important networks. You will be able to learn this chapter through these notes Easily… Thank You.
What You’ll Find In This Post –
- Roadways
- Animated Video
- Railways
- Pipelines
- Waterways
- Airways
- Communication
- International Trade
- Tourism as a Trade
- Mind Map
- NCERT Solutions
Roadways – Lifelines of National Economy
(i) The cost of building roads is much lower than that of building railway lines.
(ii) Roads can travel through more dissected and undulating terrain..
(iii) Roads can negotiate steeper slopes and thus traverse mountains such as the Himalayas.
(iv) It is cost effective for transporting a small number of people and relatively small amounts of goods over short distances.
(v)It offers door-to-door service.
(vi)It serves as a feeder to other modes of transportation, such as railway stations, air and sea ports.
Golden Quadrilateral Super Highways
The government has launched a major road development project connecting Delhi and Kolkata. Six-lane superhighways connect Chennai, Mumbai, and Delhi.
The North-South corridors connecting Srinagar [Jammu and Kashmir] and Kanyakumari [T.N.] and the East-West Corridor connecting Silcher (Assam) and Porbandar (Gujarat).
The primary goal of these superhighways is to reduce travel time and distance.
The National Highway Authority of India is in charge of implementing these highway projects (NHAI).
National Highways: The Central Public Works Department constructs and maintains national highways that connect remote parts of the country (CPWD).
State Highways: State Highways connect the state capital to various district headquarters and are built and maintained by the State Public Works Department (PWD) in states and union territories.
District Roads: The Zila Parishad maintains these roads, which connect the district headquarters to other parts of the district.
Other Roads: Rural roads, which link rural areas and villages with towns. These roads received special impetus under the Pradhan Mantri Grameen Sadak Yojana.
Border Roads: Border Roads Organisation is a Government of India initiative that builds and maintains roads along the country’s borders.
Road Density
The length of a road per 100 square kilometres of land is referred to as road density.
The density of all roads varies from 10 kilometres in Jammu and Kashmir to 375 kilometres in Kerala, with a national average of 75 kilometres (1996-97).
Animated Video
Railways – Lifelines of National Economy
The distribution pattern of the country’s railway network has been heavily influenced by physiographic, economic, and administrative factors.
Because of the high relief, sparse population, and lack of economic opportunities, the Himalayan mountain regions are unsuitable for the construction of railway lines.
The northern plains, which have a high population density, provide the best conditions for their growth.
Rivers requiring bridge construction across their wide beds posed some challenges for the construction of railway lines.
Pipelines – Lifelines of National Economy
The pipeline transportation network is a new addition to India’s transportation map.
Its initial cost is high, but its ongoing costs are low.
It transports crude oil, petroleum products, and natural gas.
It eliminates trans-shipment losses and delays.
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Important Networks
Assam oil field to Kanpur (U.P.) via Guwahati, Barauni, and Allahabad.
From Gujarat’s Salaya to Jalandhar. Viramgam, Mathura, Delhi, and Sonipat connect to Punjab.
Gas pipelines connect Hazira in Gujarat to Jagdishpur in Uttar Pradesh via Vijaypur in Madhya Pradesh.
Waterways – Lifelines of National Economy
Waterways are the most cost-effective mode of transportation. They are best suited for transporting heavy and bulky items.
It is a low-emission and environmentally friendly mode of transportation.
Major Sea Ports
India has 12 major ports and 181 medium and minor ports along its 7,516.6 km long coastline. Kandla in Kutch was the first port to be built shortly after independence.
Kandla is a seaport. It facilitates the handling of highly productive granary and industrial belt exports and imports. Mumbai is the largest port, with a large natural and well-protected harbour.
Kandla is a tide-controlled port. It facilitates the export and import of highly productive granary and industrial belt products. Mumbai has the largest port, with a large natural harbour that is well-sheltered.
Airways – Lifelines of National Economy
It can cover very difficult terrains like high mountains, dreary deserts, dense forests and also long oceanic stretches with great ease.
In 1953, air transport was nationalised.
Air India offers international flights.
Pawanhans Helicopters Ltd. provides helicopter services to the Oil and Natural Gas Commission in its offshore operations, including inaccessible areas and difficult terrain such as the north-eastern states and interior parts of Jammu and Kashmir, Himachal Pradesh, and Uttaranchal.
Communication – Lifelines of National Economy
Personal communication and mass communication, such as television, radio, newspapers, and films, are the primary modes of communication in the country.
The Indian postal network is the world’s largest. Cards and envelopes are considered first–class mail.
The second–class mail includes book packets, registered newspapers and periodicals. Six mail channels were recently introduced to facilitate faster delivery of mail in large towns and cities.
They are known as the Rajdhani Channel, the Metro Channel, the Green Channel, the Business Channel, the Bulk Mail Channel, and the Periodical Channel. India has one of Asia’s largest telecom networks.
International Trade – Lifelines of National Economy
Trade is the exchange of goods between people, states, and countries. International trade refers to trade between two countries.
Trade is made up of exports and imports. The difference between a country’s export and import is its trade balance.
A favourable balance of trade exists when the value of exports exceeds the value of imports.
Tourism as a Trade – Lifelines of National Economy
It has proven to be one of the most significant components of commerce.
India’s tourism industry has expanded substantially.
It aids in the promotion of national integration.
Give assistance to local handicrafts.
Cultural pursuits are supported.
International understanding of our culture and heritage is growing.
NCERT Solutions
Multiple choice questions.
(i) Which two of the following extreme locations are connected by the eastwest corridor?
(a) Mumbai and Nagpur (c) Mumbai and Kolkata
(b) Silchar and Porbandar (d) Nagpur and Siligudi
Answer – (b) Silchar and Porbandar
(ii) Which mode of transportation reduces trans-shipment losses and delays?
(a) Railways (c) Pipeline
(b) Roadways (d) Waterways
Answer – (c) Pipelines
(iii) Which one of the following states is not connected with the H.V.J. pipeline?
(a) Madhya Pradesh (c) Gujarat
(b) Maharashtra (d) Uttar Pradesh
Answer – (b) Maharashtra
(iv) Which one of the following ports is the deepest land-locked and wellprotected port along the east coast?
(a) Chennai (c) Tuticorin
(b) Paradwip (d) Vishakhapatnam
Answer – (d) Vishakhapatnam
(v) Which one of the following is the most important modes of transportation in India?
(a) Pipeline (c) Roadways
(b) Railways (d) Airways
Answer – (b) Railways
(vi) Which one of the following terms is used to describe trade between two or more countries?
(a) Internal trade (c) External trade
(b) International trade (d) Local trade
Answer – (b) International trade
2 . Answer the following questions in about 30 words.
(i) State any three merits of roadways.
Solution:
Three merits of roadways are:
- Roads are much less expensive to build than railway lines.
- Road transportation is cost-effective when only a few people and a small amount of goods are transported over short distances.
- Roads can travel through more dissected and undulating terrain.
(ii) Where and why is rail transport the most convenient means of
transportation?
Solution:
Rail transportation is the most convenient mode of transportation in the northern plains due to the level stretches of land, high population density, and abundant agricultural resources.
(iii) What is the significance of the border roads?
Solution:
Border roads are strategically important, and these roads in the country’s bordering areas have improved accessibility in difficult terrain and aided in the economic development of these areas.
(iv) What is meant by trade? What is the difference between international and local trade?
Trade refers to the exchange of goods between people, states, and countries.
International trade refers to trade between countries.
Local trade occurs within a country’s cities, towns, and villages.
3 . Answer the following questions in about 120 words
(i) Why are the means of transportation and communication called the lifelines of a nation and its economy?
Solution:
Transportation and communication are said to be a nation’s and economy’s lifelines since they are required for rapid development. Despite its enormous size, variety, and linguistic and socio-cultural heterogeneity, India is well-connected to the rest of the globe today. Railways, airways, rivers, newspapers, radio, cinema, television, and the internet, among other things, have all contributed to the country’s socio economic prosperity.
Along with commerce, these many modes of transportation and communication have improved our lives and contributed significantly to the expanding amenities and facilities for our comfort.
(ii) Write a note on the changing nature of the international trade in the last fifteen years.
Solution:
International trade refers to trading between countries. In the previous fifteen years, international trade has changed dramatically. The exchange of goods and commodities has given way to the interchange of information and knowledge. For example, India has grown as a worldwide software behemoth, gaining significant foreign cash through the export of information technology.
International commerce is also affected by the nations’ relationships as well as external variables such as levies and tariffs on goods transit. Various trade blocs have arisen in the last fifteen years, changing the way international commerce was previously done.