Welcome to etutorguru.in. In this post you will see class 10 Forest and Wildlife animated video with notes mind map and NCERT solutions
Table of Contents :
- Flora and Fauna in India
- Animated Video – Etutor
- What harmful elements lead to such alarming flora and wildlife depletion?
- The ecological diversity and genetic diversity of plants and animals are both preserved by conservation.
- Community and Conservation
- Mind Map
- NCERT Solutions for Forest and Wildlife Resources Geography Class 10 Chapter 2
- Frequently Asked Questions regarding Chapter 2: Forest and Wildlife Resources
Flora and Fauna in India
India is one of the countries on earth with the highest levels of biological diversity. There are many different kinds of woods and fauna in India. Various categories of today’s plant and animal species can be categorized as follows, according to the International Union for Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources (IUCN).
- Normal Species: species like rats, cattle, sal, and sal, whose populations are thought to be necessary for their survival.
- Endangered Species: These species face extinction risk. Black buck, crocodile, Indian wild ass, Indian rhino, lion-tailed macaque, sangai (brow anter deer in Manipur), etc. are few instances of species.
- Vulnerable Species: These are species whose numbers have dropped to the point where, if they keep going along the current path, they are very likely to become endangered in the near future. Examples include the blue sheep, Asian elephant, Ganges dolphin, etc.
- Rare Species: Small-population species may become endangered or vulnerable if the harmful factors that affect them continue to exist. The Himalayan brown bear, Asiatic wild buffalo, desert fox, and hornbill are a few examples of such species.
- Endemic Species: These are species that can only be found in a few specific locations and are frequently separated by geographical or natural barriers. The Andaman teal, Nicobar pigeon, Andaman wild pig, and Mithun in Arunachal Pradesh are a few examples of such animals.
- Extinct Species: These species might no longer exist on the entire planet, in a particular locality, region, nation, or continent. Pink-headed duck, Asiatic cheetah, etc.
What harmful elements lead to such alarming flora and wildlife depletion?
- The development of mining, forestry, and agricultural (commercial and research) operations.
- Excessive use of natural resources, such as wood, bark, leaves, rubber, medications, dyes, food, fuel, fodder, and manure, to meet human requirements.
- Unfair access, unequal resource usage, and unequal responsibility distribution for environmental well-being
- Large-scale project development and mining operations.
The ecological diversity and genetic diversity of plants and animals are both preserved by conservation.
- In order to conserve habitats, the Indian Wildlife (Protection) Act was put into effect in 1972, and a list of all the protected species in India was produced at the same time.
- The central government also unveiled a number of initiatives to safeguard particular animals. Several hundred butterflies, moths, beetles, and one dragonfly have been added to the list of protected species under the Wildlife Act of 1980 and 1986.
- Plants were added to the list for the first time in 1991, beginning with six species.
Types and Distribution of Forest and Wildlife Resources
The government of India, either through the Forest Department or other government agencies, owns and manages the country’s forest and wildlife resources. These fall into the subsequent groups.
Reserved Forests: In India, conserved forests now make up more than half of all forestland.
Protected Forests: One-third of the entire forest area has been designated as protected forest by the Forest Department.
Unclassed Forests: These are the forests and wastes that are owned by the government as well as by private people and groups of people. Unclassified forests make up a relatively large portion of the forests in Gujarat and the north-eastern states.
Permanent forests, which are maintained for the purpose of providing timber and other forest products as well as for protective purposes, are also known as reserved and protected forests. The biggest area covered by permanent woods is in Madhya Pradesh.
Community and Conservation
The preservation of wildlife and forest resources is crucial. Here are some actions that regular people took:
- Villagers in Rajasthan’s Sariska Tiger Reserve have battled against mining by referencing the Wildlife Protection Act.
- 1,200 hectares of forest have been designated as the Bhairodev Dakav “Sonchuri” by residents of five villages in the Rajasthani Alwar region. Villages have developed their own norms and regulations that prohibit hunting. Additionally, they are defending the wildlife from any intrusions from the outside.
- One notable endeavor to thwart deforestation in several locations was the Chipko movement in the Himalayas. Community afforestation has also been an outcome of the movement.
- Farmers and civic organizations like the Beej Bachao Andolan in Tehri and Navdanya have demonstrated that it is both feasible and profitable to produce sufficient quantities of varied crops without the use of synthetic chemicals.
- A noteworthy example of incorporating local communities in the management and regeneration of degraded forests is the joint forest management (JFM) initiative in India.
Mind map for Forest and Wildlife Resources
Download PDF Notes for Forest and Wildlife Resources Class 10
NCERT Solutions for Forest and Wildlife Resources Geography Class 10 Chapter 2
1 . Multiple choice questions.
(i) Which of these statements is not a valid reason for the depletion of flora and fauna?
(a) Agricultural expansion.
(b) Large scale developmental projects.
(c) Grazing and fuel wood collection.
(d) Rapid industrialisation and urbanisation
Answer – (c)
(ii) Which of the following conservation strategies do not directly involve community participation?
(a) Joint forest management
(b) Beej Bachao Andolan
(c) Chipko Movement
(d) Demarcation of Wildlife sanctuaries
Answer – (d)
2 . Match the following animals with their category of existence.
| Animals/Plants | Category of existence |
| Black Buck | Extinct |
| Asiatic Elephant | Rare |
| Andaman wild pig | Endangered |
| Himalayan Brown Bear | Vulnerable |
| Pink Head Duck | Endemic |
Answer –
| Animals/Plants | Category of existence |
| Black Buck | Extinct |
| Asiatic Elephant | Rare |
| Andaman wild pig | Endangered |
| Himalayan Brown Bear | Vulnerable |
| Pink Head Duck | Endemic |
3. Match the following.
| Reserved Forests | Other forests and wastelands belonging to both government and private individuals and communities |
| Protected Forests | Forests are regarded as most valuable as far as the conservation of forest and wildlife resources |
| Unclassed Forests | Forest lands are protected from any further depletion |
Answer:
| Reserved Forests | Forest lands are protected from any further depletion |
| Protected Forests | Forest lands are protected from any further depletion |
| Unclassed Forests | Other forests and wastelands belonging to both Government and private individuals and communities |
4. Answer the following questions in about 30 words.
(i) What is biodiversity? Why is biodiversity important for human lives?
Answer:
The diversity of life forms on earth is represented by the term “biodiversity.” It is a gauge of genetic, species, and ecosystem-level variation. Tropical regions are rich in biodiversity. 10% of the earth’s surface is covered by tropical regions, which are home to 90% of the world’s species.
Biodiversity importance in human lives –
- Agriculture – A wide range of plant species provide for human dietary needs.
- Their contribution to business and industry
- Leisurely activities
- Ecological services
(ii) How have human activities affected the depletion of flora and fauna? Explain
Answer:
- Numerous river valley initiatives have had an impact on the flora and wildlife.
Numerous illegal mining operations have destroyed the wildlife and plants.
The forests have suffered from an excessive number of development initiatives for recreational purposes.
Human-animal conflict has been caused by too many human activities in the forest region as a result of population growth and a lack of space.
5. Answer the following questions in about 120 words.
(i) Describe how communities have conserved and protected forests and wildlife in India.
Answer:
Chipko Movement:
The well-known Chipko movement in the Himalayas has not only successfully halted deforestation in a number of locations, but it has also demonstrated how effective community afforestation with native species can be.
Some cultures have a special relationship with a tree that they have protected for ages. The mahua (Bassia latifolia) and kadamba (Anthocaphalus cadamba) trees are revered by the Mundas and Santhal of the Chota Nagpur region. During weddings, the tribal people of Odisha and Bihar revere the tamarind (Tamarindus indica) and mango (Mangifera indica) trees. Banyan and peepal trees are revered by many among us.
Villagers in Rajasthan’s Sariska Tiger Reserve have battled against mining by referencing the Wildlife Protection Act. Many communities have locals who actively oppose government participation while defending habitats. Five villages in Rajasthan’s Alwar district have designated 1,200 hectares of forest as the Bhairodev Dakav “Sonchuri,” establishing their own rules and regulations that forbid hunting and guard against outside intrusions on the wildlife.
(ii) Write a note on good practices towards conserving forest and wildlife.
Answer:
A good example of incorporating local communities in the management and regeneration of degraded forests is the joint forest management (JFM) initiative in India.Since the state of Odisha passed the first resolution for cooperative forest management in 1988, the programme has officially existed. JFM is reliant on the creation of regional (village) organisations that carry out protection tasks mostly on degraded forest area under the control of the forest department. In exchange, these towns’ residents are eligible for further advantages such non-timber forest products and a cut of the timber obtained through “successful protection.” The dynamics of both environmental destruction and repair in India provide a clear lesson: local populations must be involved in some form of natural resource management worldwide. However, it will be a while before local communities play a major role in determining decisions. Accept just those that are developmental or economic.
